Etymology
Main article: Chemistry (etymology)
The word chemistry comes from the word alchemy, an
earlier set of practices that encompassed elements of chemistry,
metallurgy, philosophy, astrology, astronomy, mysticism and medicine; it
is commonly thought of as the quest to turn lead or another common
starting material into gold.[8] The word alchemy in turn is derived from the Arabic word al-kīmīā (الكيمياء). The Arabic term is borrowed from the Greek χημία or χημεία.[9][10] This may have Egyptian origins. Many believe that al-kīmīā is derived from χημία, which is in turn derived from the word Chemi or Kimi, which is the ancient name of Egypt in Egyptian.[9] Alternately, al-kīmīā may be derived from χημεία, meaning "cast together".[11]An alchemist was called a 'chemist' in popular speech, and later the suffix "-ry" was added to this to describe the art of the chemist as "chemistry".
- Definitions
- Alchemy (330) – the study of the composition of waters, movement, growth, embodying, disembodying, drawing the spirits from bodies and bonding the spirits within bodies (Zosimos).[12]
- Chymistry (1661) – the subject of the material principles of mixed bodies (Boyle).[13]
- Chymistry (1663) – a scientific art, by which one learns to dissolve bodies, and draw from them the different substances on their composition, and how to unite them again, and exalt them to a higher perfection (Glaser).[14]
- Chemistry (1730) – the art of resolving mixed, compound, or aggregate bodies into their principles; and of composing such bodies from those principles (Stahl).[15]
- Chemistry (1837) – the science concerned with the laws and effects of molecular forces (Dumas).[16]
- Chemistry (1947) – the science of substances: their structure, their properties, and the reactions that change them into other substances (Pauling).[17]
Chemistry (1998) – the study of matter and the changes it undergoes (Chang).[18]
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